latin notes #1
Jul. 23rd, 2021 03:48 pm![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png)
As known by my dear mutuals and friends, I am always struggling academically. So I'm retyping some of my latin notes on here to help me understand them and make whoever read this be aware of what I'm going throught for my degree. Also I'm loosely translating the terms they won't match up at all with official latin grammar in english lmfao. Just a warning.
Latin nouns are divided in 5 different declinations, to differentiate between these declinations you must check the genitive case. 1st declination nouns are mainly feminine, and sometimes masculine, their theme is a (stella, terra, poeta, nauta) and the genitive ending is -ae. 2nd declination nouns exist in the three gramatical genders, their theme is o (ludus, taurus, pirus, podium) and the genitive ending is -i. 3rd declination nouns exist in the three gramatical genders, their theme is i or consonants (ciuis, orator, turbo, mater, caput) and the genitive ending is -is. 4th declination nouns exist in the three gramatical genders, their theme is u (punctus, manus, cornu) and the genitive ending is -us. 5th declination nouns are feminine, their theme is e (fides, res, spes, series, facies) save for two masculine exceptions (dies, meridies) and the genitive ending is -ei.
Distinguishing the cases:
Nominative: subject and predicative of the subject (the first form of the latin word).
Vocative: word is used to get attention.
Acusative: direct object and predicative of the direct object (verbal complement).
Ablative: corresponds as multiple types of adverbial adjunts ("com o que", "pelo o que", "por meio de").
Dative: complement "para quem" (indirect object or noun complemente with prepositions "a" or "para")
Genitive: adnominal adjunt of possession.
Examples:
Statuae poetarum patriam ornant.
(nom. pl.) (gen. pl.) (ac. s.) (verb).
The statues of the poets decorate the country.
Incola silvae capream plagis captat.
(nom. s.) (gen. s.) (ac. s.) (abl. pl.) (verb).
The jungle habitant captures the goat with traps.
First declination revision:
Second declination revision:
Second declination (neutral nouns):
Third declination revision:
Third declination (neutral):
Example:
Caesar dux magnus et scriptor clarus Romanorum fuit.
(nom) ( nom. s. ) ( nom. s. ) (gen. pl.) (verb)
Ceaser was a grand general and famous writer of the romans.
Fourth declination revision:
Fifth declination revision:
Ok well that's it for now because I'm getting tired and lazy to put more shit in this post. Hope someone can enjoy this somehow.
Latin nouns are divided in 5 different declinations, to differentiate between these declinations you must check the genitive case. 1st declination nouns are mainly feminine, and sometimes masculine, their theme is a (stella, terra, poeta, nauta) and the genitive ending is -ae. 2nd declination nouns exist in the three gramatical genders, their theme is o (ludus, taurus, pirus, podium) and the genitive ending is -i. 3rd declination nouns exist in the three gramatical genders, their theme is i or consonants (ciuis, orator, turbo, mater, caput) and the genitive ending is -is. 4th declination nouns exist in the three gramatical genders, their theme is u (punctus, manus, cornu) and the genitive ending is -us. 5th declination nouns are feminine, their theme is e (fides, res, spes, series, facies) save for two masculine exceptions (dies, meridies) and the genitive ending is -ei.
Distinguishing the cases:
Nominative: subject and predicative of the subject (the first form of the latin word).
Vocative: word is used to get attention.
Acusative: direct object and predicative of the direct object (verbal complement).
Ablative: corresponds as multiple types of adverbial adjunts ("com o que", "pelo o que", "por meio de").
Dative: complement "para quem" (indirect object or noun complemente with prepositions "a" or "para")
Genitive: adnominal adjunt of possession.
Examples:
Statuae poetarum patriam ornant.
(nom. pl.) (gen. pl.) (ac. s.) (verb).
The statues of the poets decorate the country.
Incola silvae capream plagis captat.
(nom. s.) (gen. s.) (ac. s.) (abl. pl.) (verb).
The jungle habitant captures the goat with traps.
First declination revision:
nom. | puella | puellae |
voc. | puella | puellae |
ac. | puellam | puellas |
abl. | puella | puellis |
dat. | puellae | puellis |
gen. | puellae | puellarum |
Second declination revision:
nom. | campus | campi |
voc. | campe | campi |
ac. | campum | campos |
abl. | campo | campis |
dat. | campo | campis |
gen. | campi | camporum |
Second declination (neutral nouns):
nom. | astrum | astra |
voc. | astrum | astra |
ac. | astrum | astra |
abl. | astro | astris |
dat. | astro | astris |
gen. | astri | astrorum |
Third declination revision:
nom. | miles | milites |
voc. | miles | milites |
ac. | militem | milites |
abl. | milite | militibus |
dat. | militi | militibus |
gen. | militis | militum |
Third declination (neutral):
nom. | mare | maria |
voc. | mare | maria |
ac. | mare | maria |
abl. | mari | maribus |
dat. | mari | maribus |
gen. | maris | marium |
Example:
Caesar dux magnus et scriptor clarus Romanorum fuit.
(nom) ( nom. s. ) ( nom. s. ) (gen. pl.) (verb)
Ceaser was a grand general and famous writer of the romans.
Fourth declination revision:
nom. | status | status |
voc. | status | status |
ac. | statum | status |
abl. | statu | statibus |
dat. | statui | statibus |
gen. | status | statuum |
Fifth declination revision:
nom. | dies | dies |
voc. | dies | dies |
ac. | diem | dies |
abl. | die | diebus |
dat. | diei | diebus |
gen. | diei | dierum |
Ok well that's it for now because I'm getting tired and lazy to put more shit in this post. Hope someone can enjoy this somehow.